Main Topic: Surface Preparation

Daily Quiz (415)

When did the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's ban on all retail distribution of methylene chloride to consumers for paint and coatings removal go into effect?

Which one of the following agricultural materials is not used for air abrasive blasting?

Degrees of surface roughness on concrete are established by rubber replica templates from where?

What does the term "fines" describe?

True or false: The typical range for the peak-to-valley height of surface profile created on steel by power-tool cleaning to bare metal or abrasive-blast cleaning is 2-6 mils.

What is the name of the noted waterjetting industry expert who differentiates between flash rust, which occurs on wetted steel, and rust back, which occurs on dry steel?

True or false: Both stationary and portable wheel blast machines are used to clean concrete substrates.

True or false: Use of high-temperature (250 F), pressurized water (>5000 psi) makes the most sense as the method to achieve total coating removal from brick with minimal substrate damage, according to a recent article.

Brushing the surface of blasted steel with a paint brush wrapped with a white cotton cloth is used to determine what?

What organization has a quantitative test method for measuring the surface profile of concrete.

In addition to carbon steel, what other metals are covered by an SSPC blast-cleaning standard?

Solvent cleaning is required before blasting to what degree of rigor?

True or false: When the blast profile on a steel substrate is lower than the specification requires, this problem can be easily remediated to meet higher specification requirements by using larger abrasive media and reblasting the under-specification surface.

True or false: In a recent article on PaintSquare, the author argues that abrasive recycling is effective only on large projects.

Ray Weaver, Joe Brandon and what other author published a report about the peak count of surface profile?

True or false: There are four ways that abrasive and water can be combined in a wet abrasive blast system.

Which of the following surface preparation methods for concrete produces the largest surface profile?

True or false: ASTM has developed a method for measuring and replicating concrete surface profile using replica putty.

True or false: There is a standard for determining if abrasive is contaminated with oil that involves putting abrasive in a clean glass jar with clean water, putting a lid on the jar and shaking it, and then checking for an oil film on the surface of the water or coloration or cloudiness of the water itself.

True or false: Wet storage stain should be removed from galvanizing before coatings are applied.

True or false: Abrasive-blast cleaned steel surfaces contain anodes but not cathodes.

True or false: Breathing air can be a potential inhalation hazard that blasters face in air abrasive blasting operations.

True or false: SSPC-SP 5, "White Metal Blast Cleaning," allows 5% of the blast-cleaned surface to have stains of old paint, rust or mill scale.

True or false: A coating specialist writing in JPCL recommended a two-step surface preparation process for maintenance on FPSOs: waterjetting and water blasting followed by sponge blasting.

What is the correct order of SSPC’s power tool cleaning standards in terms of rigor, going from least to most rigorous?

True or false: 450 mph is a typical particle speed for abrasive in an air abrasive blast system that utilizes a Venturi nozzle.

What coating consultant wrote a blog about the use of the “magic hammer” in detecting deficiencies of surface preparation?

What substance was being discussed when a PaintSquare reader wrote the following: “Abrasive blasting creates inhalation hazards for the blaster as well anyone within the zone of influence no matter what kind of media you use"?

What do the terms “working mix” and “operating mix” refer to?

True or false: There is only a visual method for determining the surface profile on a concrete substrate after surface preparation.

True or false: SSPC’s wet abrasive blast cleaning standards describe three levels of flash rust following wet blast cleaning.

What happens to the existing profile on steel when UHP water blasting is used to remove rust and/or coatings?

Which of the following organizations has standards for selecting and using concrete repair materials?

True or false: Conformance with specified requirements for cleanliness of steel after surface preparation, as described in SSPC standards, is carried out without the aid of instruments.

True or false: A special visual standard and guide has been developed to support SSPC-SP 17, Thorough Abrasive Blast Cleaning of Non-Ferrous Metals.

True or false: Power tools can be used to burnish a steel surface and thereby to improve surface profile.

True or false: Recent technical developments have made dry ice blasting competitive with air abrasive blasting using conventional abrasive material, according to a PaintSquare writer.

In its degree of cleaning, SSPC-SP 14 sits between what other two SSPC blast cleaning standards?

True or false: Several methods can be used to minimize or prevent flash rusting after abrasive blast cleaning of steel.

True or false: Citric acid is not an environmentally benign material for etching concrete.

True or false: SSPC-SP 11, which requires a one-mil profile, is titled “Commercial Grade Power Tool Cleaning.”

True or false: Wet abrasive blasting is best for total removal of coatings from brick without substrate damage and minimization of airborne dust, according to a D+D Online article.

True or false: The joint SSPC/NACE concrete surface preparation standard has not been revised since its issuance in 2003.

True or false: 3–6 mils is the typical range for the peak-to-valley height of surface profile created on steel by power-tool cleaning to bare metal and abrasive-blast cleaning.

True or false: For spot repair of coatings, the selection of abrasive blasting as the surface preparation method is questionable.

True or false: The ISO surface preparation standard Sa 3 resembles SSPC-SP 5/NACE No. 1.

True or false: The SSPC/NACE joint standard on surface preparation of concrete does not apply to masonry walls.

True or false: Not all the SSPC surface preparation standards are issued jointly with NACE.

What is one drawback of using low pressure water (less than 5,000 psi) at 250 F to remove coatings from brick?

What term is used to denote “interconnected microcracks in concrete substrates caused by the use of high-impact, mechanical methods of concrete removal and surface preparation"?

What organization originally produced what is now called SSPC-VIS 1, “Guide and Reference Photographs for Steel Surfaces Prepared by Dry Abrasive Blast Cleaning"?

True or false: According to an industry expert, waterjet cleaning at 20,000 psi can remove thick elastomeric coatings at a production rate up to six times faster than traditional abrasive blasting.

True or false: In surface preparation operations, hackles are most likely to be formed on steel substrates when the blast abrasive is steel shot.

True or false: Byproduct abrasives include nickel slag, copper slag, boiler slag and peach pits.

True or false: Air abrasive blasting with dry ice produces less debris that other air blast cleaning methods.

What degree of surface profile is required on concrete for the application of a penetrating sealer?

True or false: All dust is dangerous to breathe and abrasive blasting, whether it is wet abrasive blasting or dry abrasive blasting, generates dust above the PEL recommended by NIOSH and enforced by OSHA, says a JPCL writer.

True or false: The joint SSPC/NACE standard on surface preparation of concrete lists numerous surface preparation methods together with the surface profile range achievable with each method.

What term is used to describe the implement that wets the abrasive as it exits the nozzle of a wet blast system?

True or false: ICRI recommends 6 to 9 mils of profile in its surface preparation requirements for polymer overlays on concrete.

True or false: One expert says that in pressure washing, water volume, recommended at 6-8 gpm, is more significant than water pressure in assuring successful rinsing of coating and stripper residue from a masonry substrate, especially if the masonry substrate is sensitive to damage.

The first U.S. patent describing abrasive blasting was issued in what year?

True or false: In an air abrasive blasting system, the blast hose ID should be at least 3-4 times the size of the nozzle orifice to achieve productive blasting results.

True or false: SSPC and NACE issue joint standards on abrasive blast cleaning, water and wet blast cleaning, cleaning of concrete and power tool cleaning.

What organization will kick-off its 2019 annual conference with the training course, Surface Preparation for Concrete and Steel?

True or false: Olivine is an agricultural blasting abrasive derived from olive pits.

True or false: Bristle blasting requires the use of metallic abrasives.

True or false: A White Metal Blast (SSPC-SP 5) allows no rust, no mill scale, no old paint and 5 percent stains to remain on a steel surface after cleaning.

True or false: A worker with tree nut allergies was apparently killed by inhaling walnut shell particles from an abrasive blasting operation.

True or false: There are differences of opinion among sealant manufacturers about how to prepare weathering steel surfaces for application of new sealant after old sealant is removed.

True or false: There is no published research to support the view that the peak count of surface profile after blast cleaning affects coating performance.

In protective coating work, a sieve analysis is used to determine the weight distribution of blasting abrasive.

True or false: One of SSPC’s standards for hand-tool cleaning of steel before painting requires a surface profile.

True or false: The air abrasive blast method that produces the least debris uses dry ice as the abrasive.

What scale is sometimes used to rate the dust emissions from abrasive blasting operations?

Tuesday: True or false: SSPC-SP 18 is often specified for the surface preparation of newly galvanized steel.

True or false: Sodium bicarbonate can be used in both wet blast and dry blast operations.

True or false: Testing blasting abrasive by placing it in a clean glass jar containing clean water and shaking the jar with the lid on is a test for salt contamination.

True or false: One expert says that the water volume is more significant than the water pressure in achieving success when a pressure washer is used to rinse off coating and stripper residue after coatings are exposed to chemical strippers for the appropriate time on masonry substrates.

True or false: In an air abrasive blast system that utilizes a venturi nozzle, a typical particle speed is 450 mph.

True or false: Hypodermic pressure gauges are used to check abrasive flow rates in a blast hose.

True or false: A research study by Roper, Weaver and Brandon indicated that the number of peaks in a steel surface profile created by abrasive blasting has an effect on performance of coatings applied to the steel.

True or false: It is harder to remove coal tar epoxy than coal tar enamel from a steel substrate.

True or false: “Working mix” and “operating mix” denote the same thing.

True or false: In North America, there are three hand- and power-tool cleaning standards.

True or false: The ISO blast cleaning standard Sa3, Blast Cleaning to Visually Clean Steel, is equivalent to SSPC-SP 6, Commercial Blast.

According to a surface preparation study reported in JPCL, abrasive size was not found to be a primary driver in the resultant surface profile depth and peak density of blasted steel surfaces.

True or false: In surface preparation work, the term “fines” is often used to denote blasting abrasive residue that has been broken down into a powder.

True or false: The more friable an abrasive, the greater the tendency for the abrasive to break down upon impact.

True or false: The SSPC Visual Standard photos in SSPC-VIS 6 show steel cleaned by UHP water jetting.

When abrasive is recycled without sufficient new abrasive being added to the operating mix, what happens to the surface profile of steel being cleaned?

True or false: One inspector’s guide says that ground egg shells are used as a blasting abrasive.

True or false: Olivine is classified as an agricultural blasting abrasive.

Researchers in Australia recently published a paper on advances in robotic abrasive blast cleaning. What was the main subject of the paper?

True or false: SSPC has a test method for determining the size of abrasives.

OSHA has developed regulations on abrasive blasting in the marine and construction industries, and in one other. What is it?

Which one of the following agricultural materials is typically not used to create abrasives for blasting?

What is the typical reason for using citric rather than another acid to etch concrete?

True or false: SSPC-VIS 1, Guide and Reference Photographs for Steel Surfaces Prepared by Dry Abrasive Blast Cleaning, was derived from the visual standards of the Institute of Corrosion in the UK.

SSPC classifies non-metallic abrasive into three kinds, two of which are mineral and slag and other by-products. What is the third class?

True or false: SSPC power tool cleaning standards are issued jointly with NACE International.

What organization recently issued a publication that offers guidance on where and how frequently to test for salts on steel that is either previously uncoated or was shop-coated and requires further coating in the field?

True or false: A wet blast system always uses water pressure as the cleaning force.

True or false: Coal slag abrasive is mainly aluminum silicate.

True or false: The SSPC standard for ferrous metal abrasive is intended to be used for both new and recycled abrasive.

True or false: Aluminum oxide and garnet are sometimes recommended as appropriate abrasives for blast cleaning stainless steel.

Which one of the following agricultural materials is typically not used to create abrasives for blasting?

True or false: Another name for aluminum silicate abrasive is coal slag.

True or false: As abrasives for blast cleaning, glass beads are classified as byproduct abrasives.

True or false: A surface layer of concrete weakened by interconnected microcracks is called laitance.

True or false: The minimum surface profile required to meet SSPC’s specification, "Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal," is 1.5 mils.

True or false: SSPC-AB 3 is meant to be used as a standard for both newly manufactured abrasive media and recycled media.

True or false: Some departments of transportation and other owners continue to list design containment ventilation air flow rates of 60 fpm down-draft and 100 fpm cross-draft in their specifications.

True or false: According to a PaintSquare News account of research on reducing excessive blast profile by re-blasting with a smaller abrasive, there is no adverse effect on peak count and peak density from this corrective action.

True or False: Silica sand and coal slag abrasive with the same particle size distribution will produce the same profile depth ranges on blast-cleaned steel.

True or false: SSPC/NACE standards on surface preparation by waterjetting are now published on five levels of cleanliness.

True or false: “One of the most prominent disadvantages found with dry abrasive blasting is that the blasting process can press contaminants into the surface,” according to PaintSquare blogger Warren Brand.

True or false: A recent JPCL article reported results of a study indicating that inadequate surface preparation accounts for more than 75 percent of coating failures, while other studies indicate that inadequate engineering and specifying account for as much as half of coating failures.

What type of blasting abrasive consists mainly of aluminum silicate?

True or false: Photographic standards from the International Concrete Repair Institute (ICRI) can be used to judge the degree of surface profile on concrete.

Concrete can be bruised by what surface preparation method?

True or false: In a sieve analysis of abrasives, the sieve number describes the number of openings in a linear inch of sieve mesh.

True or false: Use of replica putty, as described in an ASTM standard, provides only a visual assessment of surface profile on concrete.

In its degree of cleaning, SSPC-SP 14 sits between what other two SSPC blast cleaning standards?

ASTM D7234, Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Adhesion Strength of Coatings on Concrete Using Portable Pull-Off Adhesion Testers, can also be used to measure the surface strength of uncoated concrete.

In what SSPC standard can you find requirements for frequency and location of instrument readings and evaluation criteria to ensure that the surface profile over the entire prepared surface complies with project requirements are included?

True or false: Among SSPC’s dry abrasive blasting standards, only SSPC-SP 5 disallows the presence of all stains after cleaning.

True or false: Among SSPC power tool cleaning standards, only SSPC-SP 11, Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal, requires a surface profile.

What is a typical speed that abrasive reaches after leaving the nozzle in an air abrasive blast-cleaning system?

True or false: Descaling is the removal of mill scale by either mechanical or chemical means.

True or false: SSPC has a standard for hand-tool cleaning of steel before painting that requires a surface profile.

Which one of the following agricultural materials is typically not used to create abrasives for blasting?

True or false: A recently published study in JPCL determined that wet surface preparation methods are less effective and result in higher remaining chloride levels than dry methods when cleaning corroded, chloride-contaminated steel surfaces.

True or false: Hackles are protrusions on a coated surface created by abrasive or other particles not removed before the coating was applied.

True or false: In a laboratory study of zinc-rich primers for marine environments, recently reported in JPCL, coatings applied over surface preparation by UHP waterjetting, even though it produced no roughness, achieved performance equivalent to, or better than, that achieved by abrasive blasting.

Which of the following surface preparation methods produces the lowest surface profile range on concrete, according to ICRI 310.2?

True or false: When using steel abrasive for blast cleaning, the initial condition of steel has no effect on the end condition after cleaning.

SSPC has what degree of rigor in its standard for the blast cleaning of stainless steel?

What effect, often detrimental to linings, is created by the Atlas cell test?

True or false: Thermal spray aluminum has a silicate binder.

True or false: SSPC has a quantitative method for measuring the surface profile of concrete.

True or false: In addition to issuance of joint standards on air abrasive blast cleaning, SSPC and NACE issue other kinds of joint surface preparations standards.

True or false: The Japan Ship Technology Research Technical Association produces standards on surface preparation of steel.

What are rogue peaks?

True or false: Cast steel grit abrasive is produced by crushing steel shot.

When dust particles escape a containment structure during abrasive blasting, what are they likely to be called?

What is the name for the temperature range within which an amorphous polymer changes from a flexible to a brittle state?

True or false: A wet blasting system requires water pressure to provide a cleaning force.

True or false: Rubber replica templates from the Portland Cement Association can be used to judge the degree of profile on concrete substrates after surface preparation.

In abrasive blasting work, how small do dust particles have to be to make them respirable?

What is the acronym for Japanese surface preparation standards?

The standard ISO8501, the international standard for dry abrasive blasting, describes results of four degrees of blast cleaning, Sa 1, Sa 2, Sa 21/2 and Sa 3. What does the Sa stand for, according to a PaintSquare blog?

Which of the following ISO 8501-1 standards is equivalent to SSPC-SP 6, Commercial Blast?

True or false: According to a JPCL article on achieving peak performance from abrasives, the easiest way to adjust profile height in the field is by changing the velocity of the abrasive.

True or false: An SSPC guide document states that dye color from lubricants remaining on the galvanized nuts of bolted bridge connections after required cleaning or weathering is not believed to be detrimental to coatings applied over it.

True or false: In an air abrasive blasting operation, if you change from a sand abrasive with a specific gravity of 2 to a garnet abrasive with a specific gravity of 4, you should expect an increase in cleaning rate.

True or false: During abrasive blasting operations inside containment in cold weather, dust collection may pull heat out of the containment structure as fast as it is being put in by heating equipment.

What kind of blasting abrasive is composed of aluminum silicate?

According to a recent JPCL article, the zinc carbonate that forms on weathered galvanizing can remain on the surface and is favorable to subsequent coating adhesion.

The presence of water in new versions of wet abrasive blasting systems increases abrasive breakdown rates, according to a recent JPCL article.

What is the name for an abrasive’s resistance to breakdown on impact?

True or false: The photographic guides developed by SSPC to aid in the assessment of surface cleanliness were designed to be used with a hand-held magnifying glass when examining blast-cleaned steel and comparing it with the VIS-1 photos?

What is the order of SSPC power-tool cleaning standards, from most to least rigorous?

If SSPC-SP 16 is specified to prepare architectural aluminum for recoating, what blast pressure should be used?

True or false: Hand-tool and power-tool surface preparation standards in the U.S. are jointly issued by SSPC and NACE.

True or false: Abrasive fines are debris found in blasting abrasive.

In general, when is it better to use impact power tools rather than rotary power tools?

True or false: An entire session of the SSPC 2017 Conference in Tampa is devoted to surface profile.

True or false: ASTM D4417 describes three methods for measuring surface profile of blast-cleaned steel using either a digital profile gage or a surface profile comparator or a portable stylus instrument.

How is profile measured in ASTM D4417?

True or false: Abrasive used for abrasive blast cleaning to remove rust and mill scale should have a Mohs hardness of 1.

True or false: All of the SSPC mechanical surface preparation standards require solvent cleaning to SSPC-SP 1 prior to performing any additional cleaning required by the project specification.

In a centrifugal wheel blast machine, what is another name for “operating mix?"

True or false: A recent Naval Research Laboratory study determined that coating performance is not adversely affected by chloride contamination.

True or false: Air abrasive blast workers are regularly exposed to noise in excess of 120 dBA.

In surface preparation work, what is a jobsite standard?

True or false: Corn cobs, walnut shells, and olivine are used to make blast abrasives classified as agricultural.

What organization offers a standard that gives durability grades of low, medium, and high for paint systems in various environments and levels of surface preparation?

True or false: A White Metal Blast, SSPC-SP 5, allows stains to remain on 5 percent of the surface after blast cleaning.

True or false: ICRI recommends a profile of 10 mils to 1/4 inch in its surface preparation requirements for polymer overlays on concrete.

True or false: In air abrasive blasting operations, the same particle size mix of silica sand and coal slag yield the same profile ranges on steel.

In addition to trisodium phosphate, used for cleaning in painting operations, what other material has the acronym TSP?

Cutter bundles are used on what devices?

What is the content of the non-mandatory appendix of SSPC-SP 1, Solvent Cleaning, added during the 2015 revision of the standard?

True or false: Seismic retrofits of bridge piers can be carried out with Bresle patch fabric.

True or false: One kind of wet blast system uses air rather than water pressure as the cleaning force.

True or false: SSPC-VIS 1, Visual Standards for Blast Cleaned Steel, was initially produced by the Institute of Corrosion in the U.K.

SSPC’s new wet abrasive blast cleaning standards describe how many levels of flash rust following wet blast cleaning?

True or false: In a JPCL article describing a study about surface preparation of repair mortars in wastewater treatment plants, the authors concluded that broom finishing was inferior to abrasive blasting in producing surfaces for the successful application of protective coatings.

What is the topic of the five new standards SSPC just released?

True or false: In the five joint SSPC/NACE Wet Abrasive Blast-Cleaning Standards completed in 2015, the definitions of cleanliness for the steel surface immediately following wet abrasive blast-cleaning are identical to the definitions in the five dry abrasive blast-cleaning standards.

True or false: SSPC has surface preparation standards for concrete that are equivalent to its abrasive blasting surface preparation standards for steel–SSPC-SP 5, SP 6, SP 7, and SP 10.

According to a surface preparation study reported recently in JPCL, abrasive size was found to be a primary driver in the resultant surface profile depth and peak density of blasted steel surfaces.

Five joint SSPC/NACE cleaning standards were created in 2015 on what subject?

What happens to the existing profile on steel when UHP water blasting is used to remove rust and/or coatings?

What organization developed the blast cleaning standards in Japan?

The precursor of SSPC-VIS 1 was produced by what standards-writing body?

What is the name given to the mixture of abrasive sizes in a blast recycling system or centrifugal wheel blast machine that will achieve the appropriate productivity and profile?

True or false: Organic media such as corncobs and walnut shells are sometimes recommended for brush-off blasting of galvanized steel.

What is a name sometimes given to the creation of microcracks in a concrete surface through use of impact, pulverizing, or other mechanical surface preparation methods?

True or false: All wet abrasive blast systems use water pressure as the cleaning force.

True or false: ISO Sa2.5, describing very thorough abrasive blast cleaning, gives a less comprehensive written description of the end condition of the steel after blasting than does SSPC-SP 10/NACE No. 2, Near white metal, which requires a similar end condition.

What new technology has been used recently in coating work on the Sydney Harbour Bridge?

What is the process called when steel shot is used to improve the fatigue properties of steel?

True or false: SSPC visual standards showing degrees of cleaning of steel take precedence over the descriptions of required cleanliness in SSPC’s written surface preparation standards.

What is a typical particle speed for abrasive in an air abrasive blast system that utilizes a venturi nozzle?

What is the minimum surface profile required to meet SSPC’s specification, Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal?

True or false: All wet blast systems use water pressure as the cleaning force.

True or false: SSPC’s power-tool surface preparation standards are issued jointly with NACE International.

True or false: The scraping, abrading and brushing methods are typically used to retrieve soluble salts from a steel substrate.

Replica tape increases in transparency where it is compressed. What feature of surface profile does this reveal?

True or false: Zirconium silicate is crushed, dried and screened to produce the blast cleaning abrasive aluminum oxide.

True or false: In an air abrasive blasting system, the blast hose ID should be at least 3-4 times the size of the nozzle orifice to achieve productive blasting results.

Among SSPC’s visual reference guides and photos, which one does not contain photos of steel after cleaning?

What is the process called when steel shot is used to improve the fatigue properties of steel?

What is another name for micro-cracking of concrete floor slabs during surface preparation?

SSPC-SP 5/NACE No. 1 is most closely aligned with what ISO surface preparation standard?

True or false: A highly friable abrasive is good for recycling.

In general, when is it better to use impact rather than rotary power tools?

True or false: One kind of wet blasting system uses air pressure rather than water pressure as the cleaning force.

True or false: According to OSHA, inhalation hazards that can be derived from a concrete substrate when abrasive blasting include asbestos, silicates, silica sand and Portland cement.

What is the common name for aluminum silicate abrasive?

What claims are made in a recent JPCL article for using waterjetting and surface-tolerant coatings in newbuilding of ships?

Non-metallic abrasives are derived from what source?

True or false: Angular rather than round abrasives are best for removing soft pliable coatings, according to a JPCL Maintenance Tip.

True or false: ISO Sa2.5, describing very thorough abrasive blast cleaning, gives a less comprehensive written description of the end condition of the steel after blasting than SSPC SP 10/NACE No. 2, Near white metal, which requires a similar end condition.

True or false: According to SSPC, wet blasting and water jetting are synonyms.

True or false: SSPC-SP 16 is often specified as part of the surface preparation of new galvanized steel before overcoating.

True or false: In North America, SSPC is the sole publisher of hand- and power-tool cleaning standards.

True or false: NORSOK offers a standard that gives durability grades of low, medium, and high for paint systems in various environments and levels of surface preparation.

True or false: Abrasive particles in an efficient air abrasive blast system typically travel at a speed of 100 miles per hour.

SP 3 is a shorthand version of SSPC-SP 3, Power Tool Cleaning, but it can also refer to what research program important to the coatings industry?

True or false: According to a recent JPCL article, ISO’s Sa 2 “thorough” blast cleaning standard is equivalent to SSPC-SP 14, NACE No. 8 Industrial Blast Cleaning.

SSPC classifies non-metallic abrasive into three kinds, two of which are mineral and manufactured. What is the third class?

True or false: While there are some quantitative requirements for levels of cleanliness in SSPC/NACE abrasive blasting standards (less than 5% stains allowed in Near-White blast cleaning), qualitative rather than quantitative assessments must be made to determine compliance with these requirements.

What is the name of the Norwegian standards on coating and surface preparation?

True or false: With the ISO blast cleaning standards, the visual standards are an integral part of the written standard; that is, the reference to the applicable pictures is part of the written description.

SSPC-SP 10 allows staining to remain on how much of each unit area of the steel surface being cleaned?

True or false: Four SSPC abrasive blasting standards, organized from most to least rigorous, are SP 10, SP 7, SP 6, and SP 5.

How do you determine the particle size distribution of abrasive material used for blast cleaning?

What organization offers a standard that gives durability grades of low, medium and high for paint systems in various environments and levels of surface preparation?

True or false: In addition to SSPC-PA 17, there are two ASTM standards on measuring surface profile of blast-cleaned steel.

How is a water ring used?

True or false: A needle gage is used to measure water pressure in a UHP water jetting system.

True or false: The appearance of steel after blast cleaning is affected by the type of abrasive used, among other factors.

True or false: Dry ice pellets used as abrasive cannot produce a profile on steel.

True or false: Sponge jetting requires ultra-high pressure (UHP) water.

True or false: In air abrasive blast systems, the bull hose carries pressurized air and abrasive to the blast nozzle.

What is the subject of SSPC-Vis 7?

True or false: The Norsok M 501 standard on protective coatings was created by the Norwegian petroleum industry.

True or false: SSPC-SP 10 is typically specified as the level of surface preparation for the application of an inorganic zinc-rich coating.

True or false: Power tool cleaning is effective in removing soluble salts from a steel substrate.

What is a main difference between SSPC’s Commercial Grade Power Tool Cleaning and Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal?

Which of the following statements about SSPC-SP 11, Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal, is correct?

What do the terms “working mix” and “operating mix” refer to?

True or false: There are both pneumatic and electric remote controls for air abrasive blast systems.

What is normally meant by the phrase, “hold the blast?”

True or false: A wet blast system can use air pressure, rather than water pressure, as the cleaning force.

According to a JPCL article in July, how can flash rusting of newly abrasive-blasted steel be prevented or minimized?

True or false: According to a published study, elevated exposure to crystalline silica can result when it is present in coating materials being removed by blast cleaning.

True or false: Abrasive particle size, shape, and hardness all have an impact on the creation of surface profile.

What is a common name for the safety cut-out device at the blast nozzle of an abrasive blast system, which is connected to a pressure-relief valve on the blast pot?

True or false: Abrasive blast particles in an air abrasive blast system using a venture nozzle can achieve speeds of 450 mph or higher.

What organization publishes the Standard for the Preparation of Steel Substrates for PSPC?

Which method of blasting produces the least blast debris, presuming the same substrate in the same condition is being cleaned by each method?

What SSPC/NACE blast cleaning standard is equivalent to Sa 2, Thorough Blast Cleaning, in ISO 8501-1?

Which of the following statements about SSPC-SP 11, Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal, is true?

True or false: According to a recent JPCL article, planing is more effective than shotblasting in removing asphalt, latex, adhesives and other materials that are thicker than 2 mm from concrete floors.

True or false: A Schmidt Hammer is used for hand-tool cleaning of steel.

True or false: Research by Roper, Weaver, and Brandon has shown that the peak count of surface profile after blast cleaning has no bearing on coating performance.

True or false: Centrifugal blast cleaning can be both portable and stationary.

True or false: No stains of rust, mill scale, or old coatings are allowed after abrasive blast cleaning to SSPC-SP 5.

True or false: SSPC-VIS 1 photographs, depicting the appearance of steel before and after blast cleaning, can be used as substitutes for the written blast cleaning standards when blasted steel is being inspected for compliance with a specific standard.

What organization issued the 2006 publication Abrasive Blasting Hazards in Shipyard Employment?

What is the process called when steel shot is used to improve the fatigue properties of steel?

True or false: One ASTM Test Method for measuring profile on blast-cleaned steel describes the use of a portable stylus instrument.

True or false: Staurolite sand can be considered a “green” abrasive because it is an industrial byproduct.

True or false: ASTM has a test method for determining the size of abrasives.

If an abrasive fractures easily, it is said to be which of the following?

Olivine is what type of blasting abrasive?

True or false: OSHA has developed three sets of regulations on abrasive blasting in three primary industries: general industry, maritime, and construction.

How does one surface preparation industry expert, Dr. Lydia Frenzel, differentiate between flash rust and rust back?

True or false: The only ways to combine abrasive and water in a wet blast system are to inject water into a pressurized abrasive stream or to inject abrasive into a pressurized water stream.

What name is usually given to blasting abrasive residue that has been broken down into a powder?

What is the name of a blast cleaning abrasive manufactured by fusing the mineral bauxite at high temperature?

What happens to the condition of a steel substrate when waterjet cleaning is used to remove rust or existing coatings?

True or false: Though not described in a standard, one check for oil contamination of abrasives involves putting abrasive in a clean glass jar with clean water, putting a lid on the jar and shaking it, and then checking for an oil film on the surface of the water or coloration or cloudiness of the water itself.

True or false: Some of SSPC’s surface preparation standards are not published jointly with NACE.

True or false: In a JPCL article describing a study about surface preparation of repair mortars in wastewater treatment plants, the authors concluded that broom finishing was superior to abrasive blasting in producing surfaces for the successful application of protective coatings.

In abrasive blasting work, how small do dust particles have to be to make them respirable?

True or false: The speed of abrasive exiting a venture nozzle in an efficient air abrasive blasting system is typically about 200 mph.

True or false: The main reason for using citric acid to etch concrete is to create a profile coarser than that created by other etching agents.

What instrument or device is used to determine steel profile roughness/peak count requirements as required in SSPC-SP 17 and described in ASTM D4417?

True or false: OSHA now forbids the use of silica sand as a blasting abrasive.

How can a hygro thermometer be useful in coating work?

True or False: SSPC-SP 11, Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal, has no requirement for surface profile.

Press-O-Film is the name of what type of product?

SSPC-VIS 1, now called Guide and Reference Photographs for Steel Surfaces Prepared by Dry Abrasive Blast Cleaning, was originally produced by what other standards organization?

True or False: Silica sand and coal slag abrasive with the same particle size distribution will produce different profile depth ranges on blast-cleaned steel.

What is the name for an abrasive’s resistance to breakdown on impact?

What kind of blasting abrasive is comprised of aluminum silicate?

Which of the following methods for measuring surface profile is not described in ASTM D4417, “Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Surface Profile of Blast Cleaned Steel”?

In general, when is it better to use impact power tools (needle gun, roto peen) rather than rotary tools (wire brush, etc.)?

What is another name for the portable stylus instrument used to measure surface roughness of blast-cleaned steel?

SSPC/NACE standards for waterjet cleaning describe how many levels of cleanliness?

What organization created and sells rubber replica templates for determining the surface profile of concrete?

What is another name for “work mix?”

True or False: Wire bristle tools were recently classified as impact power tools in SSPC power tool cleaning standards.

What is a name sometimes given to the creation of microcracks in a concrete surface through use of impact, pulverizing, or other mechanical surface preparation methods?

What instrument would you use to analyze soluble salt contamination on abrasives?

What is the typical range for the peak-to-valley height of surface profile created on steel by power-tool cleaning to bare metal or abrasive-blast cleaning?

True or false: OSHA’s 2008 National Emphasis Program on Crystalline Silica explicitly identified abrasive blast cleaning as a high-exposure activity.

What description fits Initial Condition D of steel before blasting?

True or false: The number of peaks in a steel surface profile created by abrasive blast cleaning has no effect on coating performance.

What is the name of the industrial form of hydrochloric acid that is used to clean concrete and masonry?

What is another term for surface profile on steel?

True or false? The contractor is responsible for field testing for oil and soluble salt contamination of new mineral and slag abrasive media before use.

According to JPCL author David Dorrow, what makes an abrasive “green?”

True or false: All the SSPC surface preparation standards are issued jointly with NACE.

What pressure range would you want to see on a needle gage inserted behind the nozzle of a blast hose?

Which of the following answers organizes SSPC abrasive blasting standards from least to most rigorous?

Determining the particle size distribution of blast abrasive is achieved by what method?

True or false: Ultra-high-pressure (UHP) water jetting is generally ineffective in removing soluble salts from steel substrates.

True or false: The number of surface profile peaks in abrasive-blast-cleaned steel has no effect on coating performance.

True or false: In air abrasive blast cleaning of steel, a venture nozzle generates a deeper blast profile than a straight bore nozzle with the same diameter opening.

True or false: In abrasive blasting work, a dosimeter is used to measure exposure to abrasive blasting dust.

True or false: Some state highway departments have banned the use of silica sand for abrasive blasting.

True or false: Dry ice blasting produces a lesser volume of debris than the amount produced by air abrasive blasting using slag abrasive.

True or false: Rubber replica templates from the American Concrete Institute can be used to judge the degree of surface profile on concrete.

True or false: To hold the blast (prevent re-rusting of blasted steel) inside a tank, one effective measure is to use dehumidification to keep relative humidity below 50%.

True or false: A broom finish produces a coarse to very coarse finish on concrete.

Which of the following cleaning techniques is most likely to remove soluble salts from a heavily pitted steel surface?

True or false: There is an SSPC power tool cleaning surface preparation standard describing a degree of cleanliness that falls between Power Tool Cleaning, SSPC-SP 3, and Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal, SSPC-SP 11.

True or false: A research study by Roper, Weaver, and Brandon indicated that the number of peaks in a steel surface profile created by abrasive blasting has no effect on performance of coatings applied to the steel.

True or false: Acid etching does not produce a surface profile on concrete.

How are water and abrasive combined in wet abrasive blasting?

True or false: SSPC published a surface preparation standard, now discontinued, describing flame cleaning of steel.

What is the minimum surface profile required to meet SSPC’s specification, Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal?

True or false: Baking soda can be used as an abrasive in both wet and dry abrasive blast systems.

According to David Dorrow in a recent JPCL article, what constitutes a “green” abrasive?

When water under pressures of 30,000-40,000 psi is used to clean steel before painting, what is this form of cleaning called?

If you’re a contractor concerned with meeting the end condition appearance requirements for steel after blast cleaning, what precaution might you take?

Why are inhibitors used in wet blast systems?

A conductivity meter is normally used to check for what contaminants on abrasive for blasting?

True or false: One kind of wet blast system uses air rather than water pressure as the cleaning force.

According to SSPC's Surface Preparation Commentary for Steel and Concrete Substrates (SSPC-SP COM), final dry blast cleaning should not be conducted when the steel surface is less than how many Fahrenheit degrees above the dew point?

True or False: SSPC’s recent revisions to SSPC-SP 11 and SSPC-SP 15 changed the standards’ requirements for surface cleanliness and minimum surface profile.

Which one of the following agricultural materials is typically not used to create abrasives for blasting?

What is the name of a thin, weak layer of aggregate fines and unreacted constituents at the surface of recently poured concrete?

“Surface Preparation and Cleaning of Metals by Waterjetting Prior to Coating” is a newly revised standard by:

Which of the following statements about SSPC-SP 11, Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal, is true?

If a specification requires one of the following–brush-off blasting (SSPC-SP 7), commercial blasting (SSPC-SP 6), or near-white blasting (SSPC-SP 10), what other cleaning standard is invoked?

What organization recently issued a standard for measuring the profile of concrete after surface preparation?

In air abrasive blasting, why is it sometimes useful to adjust the angle of attack (angle of the nozzle in relation to the workpiece)?

Why must laitance and efflorescence be removed before coating concrete?

When abrasive is recycled without sufficient new abrasive being added to the operating mix, what happens to the surface profile of steel being cleaned?

True or False: The Australasian Corrosion Association is licensed to teach SSPC’s C7 Abrasive Blasting course.

Which of the following answers organizes SSPC abrasive blasting standards from most to least rigorous?

True or false: There is no quantifiable method for determining the surface profile on concrete substrates.

True or false: A combination of chemical stripping and (frozen) ice blasting has been used to remove lead-based paint from bridge steel.

True or False: Dehumidification equipment is sometimes used to “hold the blast” after surface preparation of the interior of a storage tank.

True or False: Generally speaking, a high-density abrasive will not clean as fast as a less-dense abrasive.

Among the options below, which is the most important in achieving the specified surface profile on steel when you are air abrasive blast cleaning?

What is a typical particle speed for abrasive in an air abrasive blast system that utilizes a venturi nozzle?

Which of the following conditions affect the efficiency of an air abrasive blasting system?

True or false: In air abrasive blasting operations, the same particle size mix of silica sand and coal slag yield different profile ranges on steel.

True or false: If you are removing a soft, pliable coating from a steel surface, a rounded abrasive will be more productive than an angular one.

The SSPC/NACE/AWS specification for thermal-sprayed zinc in a marine service environment requires what degree of blast cleaning?

How can sponge blasting produce a profile on steel?

What happens to the existing profile on steel when UHP water blasting is used to remove rust and/or coatings?

What is the name usually given to a robotic surface preparation machine used in the field on ship and tank exteriors?

What are abrasive fines?

A reduction in air abrasive blast nozzle pressure from 100 psi to 80 psi has what effect on the productivity of the blasting operation?

True or false: Use of crystalline silica sand has now been banned from use as a blasting abrasive in the United States.

True or false: Abrasive blasting and other scarification techniques increase the surface area of a steel substrate and provide additional reactive sites for molecular association between paint and metal.

True or false: Potable water without additional treatment is often used successfully for UHP water jetting prior to painting.

Which technique would be least likely to remove soluble salts from a steel substrate?

Which of the following is most likely to be the result of excessive profile depth on steel after blast cleaning?

If you need to answer a question about the surface profile requirements for blasted surfaces on a job, what document would you consult?

A stationary centrifugal wheel blast machine typically uses what type of abrasive?

True or false: ISO Sa2.5, describing very thorough abrasive blast cleaning, gives a more comprehensive written description of the end condition of the steel after blasting than SSPC SP 10/NACE No. 2, Near white metal, which requires a similar end condition.

Which of the following factors influences the appearance of steel after blast cleaning?

With SSPC abrasive blasting standards, if a Near White Blast Cleaning (SSPC-SP 10) is required, the following additional standard is invoked:

The ISO surface preparation standard Sa 3 most closely resembles what SSPC/NACE surface preparation standard?

Which of the following range of readings would you most likely see on a needle pressure gage inserted behind the nozzle of a blast hose?

Power tools, such as power wire brushes, can burnish or polish a steel surface. What is the main problem with this?

Which of the following cleaning techniques is least likely to remove soluble salts from a steel surface?

True or false: In abrasive blasting, the harder the abrasive, the deeper the profile it is likely to generate.

Which of the following statements about SSPC-SP 11, Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal, is correct?

A White Metal Blast, SSPC-SP 5, allows what to remain on the surface after blast cleaning?

What would be the most likely result of excessive profile on a steel substrate after abrasive blasting?

In general, when is it better to use impact (needle gun, roto peen) rather than rotary (wire brush, coated abrasive) power tools?

True or false: Potable water in a UHP water jetting system is normally of sufficient cleanliness that it will not deposit detrimental contaminants on a steel surface.

What is likely to be the result of oil in the compressed air used for abrasive blast cleaning?

Which of the following persons has conducted research and published articles in JPCL and elsewhere on flash rusting after water jetting?

Why is it sometimes useful to adjust the angle of attack (angle of the nozzle in relation to the work piece) when conducting air abrasive blasting?

In air abrasive blasting operations, how is a moisture separator or filter used?

SSPC's photographic guides for visual assessment of surface cleanliness after blast cleaning are designed to be used in what way?

What is the purpose of inhibitors used in wet blast systems?

Power tools such as power wire brushes can burnish or polish a steel surface. Why is this sometimes a problem?

What is most likely to help you achieve the specified profile on the steel you are blast cleaning?

A conductivity meter can be used to check for what contaminant on abrasive?

True or false: A research study by Roper, Weaver and Brandon indicated that the number of peaks in a steel surface profile created by abrasive blast cleaning affects coating performance.

True or false: CO2 blasting can produce a profile on steel.

Which of the following is not used for measuring the surface profile of cleaned steel?

What is the main reason for a sieve analysis of abrasive?

Sulfate-reducing bacteria contribute to corrosion by what mechanism?

Surface profile on steel, measured as peak-to-valley height of the roughness, has several other names, including which of the following.

Which of the following abrasive types is normally the hardest?

What is abrasive friability?

In its Technology Update on retrieving soluble salts from a steel substrate in the field, SSPC describes two methods. One is swabbing; what is the other?

A needle scaler is what type of power tool?

True or false: Rubber replica templates from the American Concrete Institute can be used to judge the degree of profile on concrete substrates after surface preparation.

Which of the following can cause excessive surface profile?

True or false: In protective coatings work, "smut" refers to the metallic fines that cling to a steel substrate after it is cleaned with metallic abrasive.

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